Science

What the color of your urine says about your health and hydration

urine pee doctor
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  • The color of your pee can tell you a lot about your health.
  • Urine changes color based on how hydrated you are and because of certain medical conditions.
  • If you have any questions or concerns based on your urine color, talk to a doctor.

If you spot red in the toilet after relieving yourself, you may want to call a doctor.

Red urine could be a sign that there's blood in your pee, or that you have a urinary tract infection, prostate problems, kidney disease, a tumor, or some other condition. But if you recently ate beets, blueberries, or rhubarb — then it could be totally normal.

The color of your urine can provide a surprising amount of information about your health. On a basic level, it can tell you how hydrated you are, though most people can just rely on thirst as a cue to tell them whether or not they should drink water. But a number of other health conditions can affect urine color, too.

As our bodies process food and remove toxins from our system, we get rid of minerals and chemicals in our urine. Depending on how concentrated your pee is — which is based on how hydrated you are — it'll be darker or lighter. But as the Mayo Clinic explains, various medications can turn your pee vivid colors. A number of health conditions will do the same.

The Cleveland Clinic breaks down some of the potential influences on urine color. We've created the graphic below using that data. But remember, many changes may be too slight to see simply by inspecting the toilet. That's why a medical professionals ask you to pee in a cup when you get an exam.

What does your pee color mean copy 3
Jenny Cheng/Business Insider

As always, you should talk to a doctor if there's anything you're concerned about based on this chart or other observed health issues.

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Kevin was a correspondent covering science and health for Business Insider. He covered climate and the environment, infectious disease, the limits of human performance, and more.  He wrote four stories for Business Insider's "Saving our World" series, covering the steps humanity will have to take to adapt to the effects of climate change, the ways rising seas will affect cities like Miami, how scientists are devising ways to bring coral reefs back to life, and potential last-ditch geoengineering efforts. He covered ways that fasting could potentially slow aging and fight disease. He wrote a Tech Insider feature profiling a scientist who thinks he could have a cure for all viruses: This man's potentially huge medical breakthrough can't get funding, so he's trying something desperate. He also wrote a launch feature for Tech Insider on the ways humans are using new genetic editing tools to reshape our world: The age of genetically engineered animals has arrived. At Business Insider, he wrote one of the first stories investigating the blood-testing startup Theranos: Scientists are skeptical about the secret blood test that has made Elizabeth Holmes a billionaire. Before Business Insider, he studied health and science writing at the CUNY Graduate School of Journalism. Before that, he earned a B.A. in political science and philosophy from the University of Notre Dame. He spent several years traveling and has written for Condé Nast Traveler, The Christian Science Monitor, and other publications.
Jenny Cheng was a graphics intern for Business Insider. She also does graphic design for FanMail, a geek subscription box for women.